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    Tips for Crossing Water in Your Jeep Wrangler

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    4 Helpful Tips for Giving Your Car a Glossy Finish

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    4 Common Mistakes To Avoid With Car Restorations

    Signs That It Might Be Time To Get a New Car

    Signs That It Might Be Time To Get a New Car

    Mercedes-Benz Charging Network

    Mercedes-Benz to Launch Global Branded High-Power Charging Network in North America

    Ways To Surprise Your Partner Who Loves Cars

    Ways To Surprise Your Partner Who Loves Cars

    5 Important Tips for Every New Jeep Owner

    5 Important Tips for Every New Jeep Owner

    The Best Ways To Increase the Value of Your Car

    The Best Ways To Increase the Value of Your Car

    Why Jeeps Are Awesome for Off-Roading Adventures

    Why Jeeps Are Awesome for Off-Roading Adventures

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  • Business
    Los Angeles implemented a new tax on luxurious real estate to finance affordable housing and combat homelessness

    Los Angeles implemented a new tax on luxurious real estate to finance affordable housing and combat homelessness

    Working shorter hours: 38 companies in the USA are testing the 4-day week

    Working shorter hours: 38 companies in the USA are testing the 4-day week

    World’s largest trial in the UK: 86 percent want to keep 4-day week

    World’s largest trial in the UK: 86 percent want to keep 4-day week

    Rewarding “Good” Companies—How the Economy for the Common Good Wants to Change the World

    Rewarding “Good” Companies—How the Economy for the Common Good Wants to Change the World

    Redistributing 11 billion dollars: Colombia’s left-wing president wants to fight poverty with a wealth tax

    Redistributing 11 billion dollars: Colombia’s left-wing president wants to fight poverty with a wealth tax

    Ban or regulate: The world searches for a way to deal with cryptocurrencies

    Ban or regulate: The world searches for a way to deal with cryptocurrencies

    Bolivia: Less poverty and booming economy through nationalisation of mineral resources

    Bolivia: Less poverty and booming economy through nationalisation of mineral resources

    “Creating Prosperity Together”: How the social economy model saved the English city of Preston

    “Creating Prosperity Together”: How the social economy model saved the English city of Preston

    Amazon continues to destroy new goods and returns 

    Amazon continues to destroy new goods and returns 

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    • Fashion
      Essential Tips for Planning a Great Fashion Show

      Essential Tips for Planning a Great Fashion Show

      Signs That Your Tuxedo Doesn’t Fit Right

      Signs That Your Tuxedo Doesn’t Fit Right

      Make a Bold Style Statement With These Wide-Leg Pants

      Make a Bold Style Statement With These Wide-Leg Pants

      Power Your Winter Workouts With The Best Zip Hoodies for Men

      Power Your Winter Workouts With The Best Zip Hoodies for Men

      The Ultimate Watch Buying Guide

      The Ultimate Watch Buying Guide

      Outdoor Enthusiasts, Take Note: These Watches Are as Tough as You

      Outdoor Enthusiasts, Take Note: These Watches Are as Tough as You

      Our 7 Favorite Field Jackets for Tackling Fall Weather

      Our 7 Favorite Field Jackets for Tackling Fall Weather

      The Best Leather Jackets for Guys – No Matter Your Budget

      The Best Leather Jackets for Guys – No Matter Your Budget

      Campus-Ready Backpacks for Storing *All* the Books

      Campus-Ready Backpacks for Storing *All* the Books

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      • Food & Drink
        Cheese Tortellini in Creamy Marinara

        Cheese Tortellini in Creamy Marinara

        Unusual Products That Come From Animals and Their Uses

        Unusual Products That Come From Animals and Their Uses

        Tips for Creating a Homemade Wine Cellar

        Tips for Creating a Homemade Wine Cellar

        How the wine you choose can help you have an eco-friendly home

        How the Wine You Choose Can Help You have an Eco-Friendly Home

        Rum and Cola Holiday Ham

        Special Centerpieces for Holiday Celebrations

        ChefsGiving 2020

        This Holiday Season, How about Cooking for a Cause?

        Iced Cold Moscow Mule cocktail with lime and pomegranate

        Holiday Spirits: The Cranberry Smash Moscow Mule

        The Most Beautiful Liquor Bottles in the World

        The Most Beautiful Liquor Bottles in the World

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        • Health
          California Confronts the Threat of ‘Tranq’ as Overdose Crisis Rages

          California Confronts the Threat of ‘Tranq’ as Overdose Crisis Rages

          Our 300th Episode!

          Our 300th Episode!

          As Medicaid Purge Begins, ‘Staggering Numbers’ of Americans Lose Coverage

          As Medicaid Purge Begins, ‘Staggering Numbers’ of Americans Lose Coverage

          Health Care Coalition Jockeys Over Medi-Cal Spending, Eyes Ballot Initiative

          Health Care Coalition Jockeys Over Medi-Cal Spending, Eyes Ballot Initiative

          How a Medical Recoding May Limit Cancer Patients’ Options for Breast Reconstruction

          How a Medical Recoding May Limit Cancer Patients’ Options for Breast Reconstruction

          Cardiovascular Disease Is Primed to Kill More Older Adults, Especially Blacks and Hispanics

          Cardiovascular Disease Is Primed to Kill More Older Adults, Especially Blacks and Hispanics

          Newsom and Democratic Lawmakers at Odds Over Billions in Health Care Funds

          Newsom and Democratic Lawmakers at Odds Over Billions in Health Care Funds

          Many People Living in the ‘Diabetes Belt’ Are Plagued With Medical Debt

          Many People Living in the ‘Diabetes Belt’ Are Plagued With Medical Debt

          A Catch-22 for Clinics: State Bans Limit Abortion Counseling. Federal Title X Rules Require It.

          A Catch-22 for Clinics: State Bans Limit Abortion Counseling. Federal Title X Rules Require It.

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            The History and Meaning of Memorial Day

            Ways To Make Your Partner Feel Loved and Appreciated

            Ways To Make Your Partner Feel Loved and Appreciated

            Values and principles, even when faced with temptations, challenges, or potential negative consequences.

            Acknowledging Racism within Familial and Social Circles: An Examination of Cognitive Dissonance and Socio-Cultural Factors

            Definition of ethics

            The Interconnectedness of Racial Opinions and Ethics

            Sacrifice States: the US Nuclear Sponge

            woman with gun near thief at night in parking lot

            Why it’s Important to know Your 2nd Amendment Rights

            Tips for Growing a Fuller and Healthier Beard

            Tips for Growing a Fuller and Healthier Beard

            Fulfilling Side Hustles for Good Money in 2023

            Fulfilling Side Hustles for Good Money in 2023

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            5 Tips on How To Run Your First Charity Event

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            • Politics
              OpenSecrets releases report on out-of-state donations’ rising role

              OpenSecrets releases report on out-of-state donations’ rising role

              Independent Sen. Krysten Sinema continues using liberal platforms to fundraise for 2024 reelection campaign

              Independent Sen. Krysten Sinema continues using liberal platforms to fundraise for 2024 reelection campaign

              Watchdog bites Ron DeSantis for alleged “soft money” campaign finance violation

              Watchdog bites Ron DeSantis for alleged “soft money” campaign finance violation

              Press Release: Over 30,000 White House financial disclosures to be made public in first for transparency and accountability

              Press Release: Over 30,000 White House financial disclosures to be made public in first for transparency and accountability

              Pro-Ron DeSantis super PAC to inherit state-level PAC war chest to support presidential run

              Pro-Ron DeSantis super PAC to inherit state-level PAC war chest to support presidential run

              Definition of ethics

              The Interconnectedness of Racial Opinions and Ethics

              Spyware firm NSO Group continues lobbying efforts to resume business-as-usual in the U.S.

              Spyware firm NSO Group continues lobbying efforts to resume business-as-usual in the U.S.

              Joe Manchin vows to block “radical climate agenda,” rakes in oil and gas industry contributions

              Joe Manchin vows to block “radical climate agenda,” rakes in oil and gas industry contributions

              Adam Schiff heads into California’s 2024 U.S. Senate race with a sizable cash advantage

              Adam Schiff heads into California’s 2024 U.S. Senate race with a sizable cash advantage

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                Ways To Invest in Real Estate With No Experience

                Ways To Invest in Real Estate With No Experience

                How To Make Your Rental Property More Eco-Friendly

                How To Make Your Rental Property More Eco-Friendly

                Things To Consider Before Investing in Real Estate Overseas

                Things To Consider Before Investing in Real Estate Overseas

                Incredible Areas in Florida To Buy a Vacation Home

                Incredible Areas in Florida To Buy a Vacation Home

                Helpful Home Staging Tips for Virtual Tours

                Helpful Home Staging Tips for Virtual Tours

                Ways To Decorate and Design a Lake House

                Ways To Decorate and Design a Lake House

                Challenges To Managing a Rental Property

                Challenges To Managing a Rental Property

                The Best Landlord: How To Show Tenants You Care

                The Best Landlord: How To Show Tenants You Care

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                The Best Locations To Invest in a Second Home

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                • Automotive
                  Tips for Crossing Water in Your Jeep Wrangler

                  Tips for Crossing Water in Your Jeep Wrangler

                  4 Helpful Tips for Giving Your Car a Glossy Finish

                  4 Helpful Tips for Giving Your Car a Glossy Finish

                  4 Common Mistakes To Avoid With Car Restorations

                  4 Common Mistakes To Avoid With Car Restorations

                  Signs That It Might Be Time To Get a New Car

                  Signs That It Might Be Time To Get a New Car

                  Mercedes-Benz Charging Network

                  Mercedes-Benz to Launch Global Branded High-Power Charging Network in North America

                  Ways To Surprise Your Partner Who Loves Cars

                  Ways To Surprise Your Partner Who Loves Cars

                  5 Important Tips for Every New Jeep Owner

                  5 Important Tips for Every New Jeep Owner

                  The Best Ways To Increase the Value of Your Car

                  The Best Ways To Increase the Value of Your Car

                  Why Jeeps Are Awesome for Off-Roading Adventures

                  Why Jeeps Are Awesome for Off-Roading Adventures

                  Trending Tags

                  • Mercedes-Benz
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                • Business
                  Los Angeles implemented a new tax on luxurious real estate to finance affordable housing and combat homelessness

                  Los Angeles implemented a new tax on luxurious real estate to finance affordable housing and combat homelessness

                  Working shorter hours: 38 companies in the USA are testing the 4-day week

                  Working shorter hours: 38 companies in the USA are testing the 4-day week

                  World’s largest trial in the UK: 86 percent want to keep 4-day week

                  World’s largest trial in the UK: 86 percent want to keep 4-day week

                  Rewarding “Good” Companies—How the Economy for the Common Good Wants to Change the World

                  Rewarding “Good” Companies—How the Economy for the Common Good Wants to Change the World

                  Redistributing 11 billion dollars: Colombia’s left-wing president wants to fight poverty with a wealth tax

                  Redistributing 11 billion dollars: Colombia’s left-wing president wants to fight poverty with a wealth tax

                  Ban or regulate: The world searches for a way to deal with cryptocurrencies

                  Ban or regulate: The world searches for a way to deal with cryptocurrencies

                  Bolivia: Less poverty and booming economy through nationalisation of mineral resources

                  Bolivia: Less poverty and booming economy through nationalisation of mineral resources

                  “Creating Prosperity Together”: How the social economy model saved the English city of Preston

                  “Creating Prosperity Together”: How the social economy model saved the English city of Preston

                  Amazon continues to destroy new goods and returns 

                  Amazon continues to destroy new goods and returns 

                  Trending Tags

                  • Fashion
                    Essential Tips for Planning a Great Fashion Show

                    Essential Tips for Planning a Great Fashion Show

                    Signs That Your Tuxedo Doesn’t Fit Right

                    Signs That Your Tuxedo Doesn’t Fit Right

                    Make a Bold Style Statement With These Wide-Leg Pants

                    Make a Bold Style Statement With These Wide-Leg Pants

                    Power Your Winter Workouts With The Best Zip Hoodies for Men

                    Power Your Winter Workouts With The Best Zip Hoodies for Men

                    The Ultimate Watch Buying Guide

                    The Ultimate Watch Buying Guide

                    Outdoor Enthusiasts, Take Note: These Watches Are as Tough as You

                    Outdoor Enthusiasts, Take Note: These Watches Are as Tough as You

                    Our 7 Favorite Field Jackets for Tackling Fall Weather

                    Our 7 Favorite Field Jackets for Tackling Fall Weather

                    The Best Leather Jackets for Guys – No Matter Your Budget

                    The Best Leather Jackets for Guys – No Matter Your Budget

                    Campus-Ready Backpacks for Storing *All* the Books

                    Campus-Ready Backpacks for Storing *All* the Books

                    Trending Tags

                    • Food & Drink
                      Cheese Tortellini in Creamy Marinara

                      Cheese Tortellini in Creamy Marinara

                      Unusual Products That Come From Animals and Their Uses

                      Unusual Products That Come From Animals and Their Uses

                      Tips for Creating a Homemade Wine Cellar

                      Tips for Creating a Homemade Wine Cellar

                      How the wine you choose can help you have an eco-friendly home

                      How the Wine You Choose Can Help You have an Eco-Friendly Home

                      Rum and Cola Holiday Ham

                      Special Centerpieces for Holiday Celebrations

                      ChefsGiving 2020

                      This Holiday Season, How about Cooking for a Cause?

                      Iced Cold Moscow Mule cocktail with lime and pomegranate

                      Holiday Spirits: The Cranberry Smash Moscow Mule

                      The Most Beautiful Liquor Bottles in the World

                      The Most Beautiful Liquor Bottles in the World

                      Tao Group Virtual Chef Experience

                      Entertain Your Guests Virtually This Fall ?

                      Trending Tags

                      • Health
                        California Confronts the Threat of ‘Tranq’ as Overdose Crisis Rages

                        California Confronts the Threat of ‘Tranq’ as Overdose Crisis Rages

                        Our 300th Episode!

                        Our 300th Episode!

                        As Medicaid Purge Begins, ‘Staggering Numbers’ of Americans Lose Coverage

                        As Medicaid Purge Begins, ‘Staggering Numbers’ of Americans Lose Coverage

                        Health Care Coalition Jockeys Over Medi-Cal Spending, Eyes Ballot Initiative

                        Health Care Coalition Jockeys Over Medi-Cal Spending, Eyes Ballot Initiative

                        How a Medical Recoding May Limit Cancer Patients’ Options for Breast Reconstruction

                        How a Medical Recoding May Limit Cancer Patients’ Options for Breast Reconstruction

                        Cardiovascular Disease Is Primed to Kill More Older Adults, Especially Blacks and Hispanics

                        Cardiovascular Disease Is Primed to Kill More Older Adults, Especially Blacks and Hispanics

                        Newsom and Democratic Lawmakers at Odds Over Billions in Health Care Funds

                        Newsom and Democratic Lawmakers at Odds Over Billions in Health Care Funds

                        Many People Living in the ‘Diabetes Belt’ Are Plagued With Medical Debt

                        Many People Living in the ‘Diabetes Belt’ Are Plagued With Medical Debt

                        A Catch-22 for Clinics: State Bans Limit Abortion Counseling. Federal Title X Rules Require It.

                        A Catch-22 for Clinics: State Bans Limit Abortion Counseling. Federal Title X Rules Require It.

                        Trending Tags

                        • Lifestyle

                          The History and Meaning of Memorial Day

                          Ways To Make Your Partner Feel Loved and Appreciated

                          Ways To Make Your Partner Feel Loved and Appreciated

                          Values and principles, even when faced with temptations, challenges, or potential negative consequences.

                          Acknowledging Racism within Familial and Social Circles: An Examination of Cognitive Dissonance and Socio-Cultural Factors

                          Definition of ethics

                          The Interconnectedness of Racial Opinions and Ethics

                          Sacrifice States: the US Nuclear Sponge

                          woman with gun near thief at night in parking lot

                          Why it’s Important to know Your 2nd Amendment Rights

                          Tips for Growing a Fuller and Healthier Beard

                          Tips for Growing a Fuller and Healthier Beard

                          Fulfilling Side Hustles for Good Money in 2023

                          Fulfilling Side Hustles for Good Money in 2023

                          5 Tips on How To Run Your First Charity Event

                          5 Tips on How To Run Your First Charity Event

                          Trending Tags

                          • Politics
                            OpenSecrets releases report on out-of-state donations’ rising role

                            OpenSecrets releases report on out-of-state donations’ rising role

                            Independent Sen. Krysten Sinema continues using liberal platforms to fundraise for 2024 reelection campaign

                            Independent Sen. Krysten Sinema continues using liberal platforms to fundraise for 2024 reelection campaign

                            Watchdog bites Ron DeSantis for alleged “soft money” campaign finance violation

                            Watchdog bites Ron DeSantis for alleged “soft money” campaign finance violation

                            Press Release: Over 30,000 White House financial disclosures to be made public in first for transparency and accountability

                            Press Release: Over 30,000 White House financial disclosures to be made public in first for transparency and accountability

                            Pro-Ron DeSantis super PAC to inherit state-level PAC war chest to support presidential run

                            Pro-Ron DeSantis super PAC to inherit state-level PAC war chest to support presidential run

                            Definition of ethics

                            The Interconnectedness of Racial Opinions and Ethics

                            Spyware firm NSO Group continues lobbying efforts to resume business-as-usual in the U.S.

                            Spyware firm NSO Group continues lobbying efforts to resume business-as-usual in the U.S.

                            Joe Manchin vows to block “radical climate agenda,” rakes in oil and gas industry contributions

                            Joe Manchin vows to block “radical climate agenda,” rakes in oil and gas industry contributions

                            Adam Schiff heads into California’s 2024 U.S. Senate race with a sizable cash advantage

                            Adam Schiff heads into California’s 2024 U.S. Senate race with a sizable cash advantage

                            Trending Tags

                            • Real Estate
                              Ways To Invest in Real Estate With No Experience

                              Ways To Invest in Real Estate With No Experience

                              How To Make Your Rental Property More Eco-Friendly

                              How To Make Your Rental Property More Eco-Friendly

                              Things To Consider Before Investing in Real Estate Overseas

                              Things To Consider Before Investing in Real Estate Overseas

                              Incredible Areas in Florida To Buy a Vacation Home

                              Incredible Areas in Florida To Buy a Vacation Home

                              Helpful Home Staging Tips for Virtual Tours

                              Helpful Home Staging Tips for Virtual Tours

                              Ways To Decorate and Design a Lake House

                              Ways To Decorate and Design a Lake House

                              Challenges To Managing a Rental Property

                              Challenges To Managing a Rental Property

                              The Best Landlord: How To Show Tenants You Care

                              The Best Landlord: How To Show Tenants You Care

                              The Best Locations To Invest in a Second Home

                              The Best Locations To Invest in a Second Home

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                              Raincoats, Undies, School Uniforms: Are Your Clothes Dripping in ‘Forever Chemicals’?

                              by Staff Writer
                              April 3, 2023
                              in Health
                              Raincoats, Undies, School Uniforms: Are Your Clothes Dripping in ‘Forever Chemicals’?
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                              By Hannah Norman

                              There could be more than just fashion risks involved when buying a pair of leggings or a raincoat.

                              Just how much risk is still not clear, but toxic chemicals have been found in hundreds of consumer products and clothing bought off the racks nationwide.

                              Thousands of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS, exist since the first ones were invented in the 1940s to prevent stains and sticking. PFAS chemicals are used in nonstick cookware, water-repellent clothing, and firefighting foam. Their manufacture and persistence in products have contaminated drinking water nationwide. Also known as “forever chemicals,” these substances do not break down in the environment and can accumulate in our bodies over time.

                              Drinking water is widely considered the greatest source of potential exposure and harm. And, in March, the Environmental Protection Agency proposed the first national standard for PFAS levels in drinking water. But the chemicals can also pollute soil, fish, livestock, and food products. Researchers say they are present in the blood of nearly all Americans.

                              Until now, federal regulations on PFAS in consumer products have largely focused on a handful of the older-generation forever chemicals, such as PFOA, or perfluorooctanoic acid. But new state-level laws are targeting all forever chemicals.

                              Consumers concerned about clothing are also turning to the courts. A torrent of recent class-action lawsuits claim brands falsely advertise their products as environmentally sustainable or healthy while containing toxic levels of PFAS chemicals. In January, Thinx, which makes reusable period underwear, agreed to pay up to $5 million to settle a suit. Another lawsuit, against REI, largely targeting its raincoat line, is proceeding in court.

                              From production to being worn, washed, and then disposed, “PFAS in clothing and textiles can lead to harmful exposures,” claimed Avinash Kar, a senior attorney at the National Resources Defense Council, an international nonprofit environmental advocacy organization.

                              Although the full health risks of wearing togs alleged to be toxic are still unknown, the potential implications are wide-reaching. A report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine linked PFAS exposure to cancer, thyroid dysfunction, small changes in birth weight, and high cholesterol, among other concerns.

                              So how concerned should consumers be about wearing clothing with forever chemicals in them?

                              PFAS have been found in a wide variety of garments such as rain jackets, hiking pants, shirts, and yoga pants and sports bras made by popular brands like Lululemon and Athleta.

                              Forever chemicals are used as surface treatments to block water and stains. In fact, a 2022 report by Toxic-Free Future, an environmental health research and advocacy organization, found that nearly three-quarters of products labeled as water- or stain-resistant tested positive for them.

                              The group points to research demonstrating that fabrics with that type of PFAS, called side-chain fluorinated polymers, emit volatile chemicals into the air and, when washed, into the water. “What you can expect is that a raincoat that has this surface treatment, over time, is releasing PFAS to the environment,” said Erika Schreder, Toxic-Free Future’s science director.

                              PFAS can also be used as a membrane — a thin layer sandwiched in the fabric that blocks water from passing through. This technology is found in products made with Gore-Tex. Such breathable yet waterproof layers of fabric are used in jackets, pants, boots, and gloves in dozens of brands of outdoors wear. Sometimes, garments have both membranes and surface treatments.

                              A study published last year by the American Chemical Society found textile products sold in the U.S. and Canada contained high concentrations of PFAS in materials used in children’s uniforms marketed as stain-resistant.

                              “This was concerning to us because these uniforms are on up to eight or 10 hours a day, every day, by children during their school year,” said Marta Venier, an assistant professor at Indiana University-Bloomington and co-author of the study. “Children are particularly susceptible to exposure to chemicals because their organs are still developing.”

                              But skin-touching fabric is only one way people are likely to be exposed to these chemicals. PFAS have found their way into most households through water, air, dust, and soap. PFAS can also shed from carpeting or furniture, as well as fabric treatments sprayed on furniture and clothing.

                              Studying skin or “dermal exposure” from wearing fabric is particularly tricky. Just because a product contains PFAS doesn’t mean the chemical will travel from that jacket or pair of shorts across the skin into the bloodstream, said Stuart Harrad, a professor of environmental chemistry at the University of Birmingham.

                              So far, Harrad has found that PFAS can end up — either from fabric or dust particles — in the skin’s oil and sweat. But more research needs to be done to examine whether those chemicals transfer into the blood. “From what we’ve seen, it’s certainly something that we shouldn’t be ignoring,” he said.

                              In general, however, it’s harder for PFAS chemicals to enter the body through transdermal exposure than through the digestive system, said Dr. Ned Calonge, associate dean for public health practice of the Colorado School of Public Health who co-authored the national academies’ report.

                              Levi Strauss has halted using the chemicals. Other brands, such as Patagonia, L.L. Bean, Lululemon, and Eddie Bauer, have pledged to phase them out in the next few years. In late February, REI released updated standards that require most cookware and textile products to be PFAS-free by fall 2024. The retailer said in a statement last year that it has been “working for years to phase out PFAS” and is “testing new alternatives.”

                              W.L. Gore & Associates, inventor of Gore-Tex and a giant manufacturer of weather-repellent fabric, said it plans to “transition the vast majority of its consumer portfolio by end of 2025.” Last year, the company debuted a membrane that uses non-fluorinated materials and can be found in jackets sold by Arc’teryx, Patagonia, and other brands.

                              Still, without oversight, corporate commitments are not a guarantee, and there’s always concern of contamination, PFAS experts said. Gore, for example, said years ago that the company had eliminated PFOA from its materials. But in its testing last year, Toxic-Free Future found it in REI Gore-Tex rain jackets. Gore  spokesperson Amy Calhoun rebutted those findings and said the company considers itself a leader in “responsible chemical management.”

                              People in the chemical field view this as an inflection point and are watching closely as companies phase out forever chemicals and pressing for transparency about what alternatives are chosen and how safe they might be.

                              The EPA has set out to regulate some older-generation chemicals generally found in imported products. Those have also been banned in the European Union and phased out by major U.S. manufacturers, often replaced by newer-generation PFAS, which leave the body more swiftly and are less likely to build up in organs. “When discussing the broad group of chemicals known as PFAS, it is important to note not all PFAS are the same,” said Calhoun. Some Gore products use PTFE, a polymer the company says is “of low concern.” According to a growing body of research, though, these newer PFAS often have similar levels of toxicity.

                              Stricter, state-level bans targeting apparel are rolling out. A California law passed last year restricts companies from manufacturing, distributing, or selling PFAS-containing clothing beginning in 2025, but those rules won’t apply to extreme weather and personal protective apparel until 2028. A related law bans PFAS in food packaging starting in 2023. Similar efforts are underway in New York, Washington state, and Maine.

                              These laws will have ripple effects nationwide because most large brands will sell the same products complying with certain state laws to the rest of the country, said Kar of the NRDC. They also affect manufacturers and the supply chain globally.

                              California Assembly member Phil Ting, a Democrat who championed the California bill, said the chief concern is further protecting the state’s water supply — an already scarce resource. That’s because washing apparel with PFAS can contaminate the water stream and potentially pollute drinking water.

                              “When you’re in a drought, when water is so valuable,” Ting said, “can you imagine the idea of getting these toxic chemicals in drinking water that makes it undrinkable?”

                              So where does that leave consumers? Calonge said that people who already have high levels of PFAS in their blood serum should have a heightened sense of awareness about the clothing they wear. Community-level blood testing is underway in areas with known PFAS exposure, but individuals can also seek it out by asking their doctors.

                              “That’s when I would make a decision to not wear clothing that I know has PFAS in it,” he said.

                              Without sound evidence linking skin exposure from clothing to upticks in PFAS in blood serum levels, Calonge said, for now, decisions are largely left up to risk tolerance.

                              He personally draws the line at using dental floss brands shown to contain forever chemicals.

                              This story was produced by KHN (Kaiser Health News), a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues. Together with Policy Analysis and Polling, KHN is one of the three major operating programs at KFF (Kaiser Family Foundation). KFF is an endowed nonprofit organization providing information on health issues to the nation.

                              KHN (Kaiser Health News) is a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues. Together with Policy Analysis and Polling, KHN is one of the three major operating programs at KFF (Kaiser Family Foundation). KFF is an endowed nonprofit organization providing information on health issues to the nation.

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